Iraq’s government has secured the handover of large weapons caches from armed factions and announced plans to expel Iranian Kurdish dissidents from its territory, marking a concerted effort to impose state monopoly on arms under Prime Minister Ali al-Zayidi. This dual-track approach—simultaneously disarming domestic factions and clearing border areas—addresses both internal fragmentation and regional security pressures.

Viewed from Western capitals, the disarmament drive is a key test of Baghdad’s ability to curb the influence of Iran-aligned militias, while Tehran focuses on security guarantees along the 1,600‑kilometre shared border. Government spokesman Haidar al-Abboudi reiterated that the international coalition’s military presence will end by September 2026, reinforcing the sovereignty narrative. The Higher Committee for the Monopoly of Arms, headed by senior commander Qais al-Muhammadawi, is leading the practical steps.

In the city of Samarra, the defence ministry received substantial quantities of heavy weapons and equipment from armed factions, according to military media director Tahsin al-Khafaji. He acknowledged the complexity of integration, requiring legal frameworks, job allocations and salary provisions for fighters transitioning into state roles. Meanwhile, al-Muhammadawi confirmed that coordination with the Kurdistan Regional Government is at its highest level to implement the expulsion of Iranian opposition groups from border areas.

The government’s strategy is a high‑wire act. While many factions have responded to the call, some remain resistant, raising the spectre of a confrontation. Baghdad has indicated it will seek dialogue but is prepared to use force if necessary, according to officials cited in regional media. Tehran has welcomed the moves, with National Security Advisor Qasim al-Araji assuring his Iranian counterpart of Iraq’s commitment to preventing cross‑border attacks. Analysts in London note that success would mark a historic consolidation of state authority in post‑2003 Iraq, but failure could embolden centrifugal forces and deepen regional proxy tensions.