
纽约开征豪宅第二房税:临时清单涉及96万物业,年收目标5亿美元
纽约市已向非主要居所豪宅业主发送通知,该税种针对价值逾500万美元的独栋房屋及百万美元以上公寓,预计年增收5亿美元,最终名单将于12月确定。
7月下旬,纽约市开始向潜在受影响的业主发送通知,正式启动针对非主要居所豪宅的“临时落脚税”(pied-à-terre tax)。这项新税种被市长佐赫兰·曼达尼(Zohran Mamdani)纳入2027财年预算,预计每年为市财政增加约5亿美元收入,用于填补预算缺口并资助公园、学校与图书馆等公共服务。不过,市主计长对收入能否达到预期表示怀疑。
根据法案,税赋仅适用于业主主要居所不在纽约市的住宅物业,起征点为独栋房屋价值500万美元以上,合作公寓和共管公寓则从100万美元起。税率为分层累进:价值100万至300万美元部分征4%,300万至500万部分5.25%,超出500万部分6.5%。若业主将纽约住所变更为主要居所或将其出租给本地居民,便可免于此税。
首批临时清单列出约96万处物业,部分知名人士如泰勒·斯威夫特、安娜·温图尔、辛西娅·尼克松及唐纳德·特朗普的侄女赫然在列,引发隐私争议。市财政局已开放核实与申诉通道,承认部分登记信息已过时,以期在最终确定征税对象前减少错误。对于异地高净值业主,新税可能促使其重新权衡:以一套600万美元公寓为例,若留作第二居所,每年将额外缴纳约39万美元附加税,总额达42.6万美元;若转为纽约税务居民,则可免除附加税,但需承担该市高昂的所得税与消费税。
业主可在8月30日前回应通知并提起申诉,最终征税名单预计12月敲定。分析人士指出,若该税种成功将更多富裕业主转为纽约市正式居民,则可能扩大税基,为曼达尼政府的社会服务计划提供支撑;反之,若刺激抛售,则可能反向影响财政收入。后续实施效果与法律挑战将是观察重点。
| 欧洲大陆媒体 | −0.50 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
Citizens' privacy is violated by the publication of sensitive data of the super-rich, an abuse that threatens fundamental freedoms.
By emphasizing the presence of famous names and the privacy risk, empathy is created for the affected rich, turning a progressive tax into a civil rights issue.
It does not mention the potential tax revenues for the city budget nor the goal of social equity.
The optimistic revenue estimates of the tax are questioned, while the Mamdani administration is accused of fiscal adventurism.
By using the comptroller's opinion and economic doubts, the credibility of the measure is undermined without denying its legitimacy.
It does not consider popular support for taxing the rich nor the privacy concerns related to data publication.
The new tax is implemented with the support of the mayor and the governor, in a regular process of notification and review.
By presenting the measure as a technical-bureaucratic fact, any political debate is neutralized and taxation is normalized.
It omits the privacy controversies and revenue doubts.