美国参议院以86票对12票推进涉俄伊制裁法案，格兰姆遗志聚焦中印石油购买
法案授权总统对俄罗斯油气主要进口国加征最高100%关税，中国和印度面临直接冲击；乌克兰总统泽连斯基赴国会见证投票。
7月28日，美国参议院以86票赞成、12票反对的程序性表决，通过了对《林赛·格兰姆制裁俄罗斯与伊朗法案》的终结辩论动议，为这项旨在切断俄罗斯战争财源的措施扫清第一道关键障碍。投票前数小时，参议员们在华盛顿国家大教堂出席了该法案主要推动者、南卡罗来纳州共和党籍参议员格兰姆的葬礼；乌克兰总统泽连斯基先与总统特朗普在白宫会晤，又赴国会与两党议员闭门磋商，随后在参议院旁听席全程观看投票。
法案由格兰姆与民主党参议员布卢门撒尔联合草拟，经白宫协商后加入延长对伊制裁至2031年的条款，获得特朗普背书。但部分民主党议员反对赋予总统新的关税裁量权，众议院外交事务委员会首席民主党议员米克斯批评此举“伤害美国家庭”。法案主要向俄罗斯能源的最大买家施压：布卢门撒尔直指“中国和印度是主要过错方”，称其进口了绝大部分俄罗斯油气，“为普京战争机器加油”。根据公布内容，总统可对俄罗斯油气前五大进口国（包括中国、印度、斯洛伐克、匈牙利、阿塞拜疆）加征最高100%关税，并对参与规避制裁的影子船队实施次级制裁，同时亦能课以俄罗斯进口商品500%惩罚性关税。
多家媒体报道，法案若最终立法，将显著冲击印度等国的能源采购模式。自2022年乌克兰战争爆发以来，印度已跃升为俄罗斯原油第二大买家，现有美方关税已在2025年8月上调至50%，新条款可能使其面临额外100%附加税，总税率升至100%以上。法案同时要求美国贸易代表每180天重估主要进口国名单，根据采购行为调整税率，并将总统新关税权设五年落日条款。
法案仍须参议院最终表决，预计本周或下周进行。众议院已进入暑假休会，直至九月才能审议，而参院也将于8月10日起休会，因此法案通过参院后最早秋天才可能送交总统签署。鉴于两党在扩大总统关税权上的分歧，众院过关前景仍存变数；但支持者认为，格兰姆生前与白宫达成的这项协议，是目前国会推动对乌支持最有现实可能性的立法路径。
| 大西洋／英语圈媒体 | +0.50 | aligned |
|---|---|---|
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | −0.70 | critical |
| 印度及南亚媒体 | −0.50 | critical |
| 伊朗及相关媒体 | −0.80 | critical |
The US Senate overwhelmingly advanced a sweeping bipartisan sanctions bill targeting Russia and Iran, with a vote of 86-12. Framed as a tribute to the late Senator Lindsey Graham, the bill aims to cripple the Kremlin's war machine by penalizing buyers of Russian energy including India and China. The procedural vote, which coincided with Zelensky's visit, marks a pivotal moment in tightening economic pressure on Moscow.
The US Senate's procedural vote to advance sanctions against Russia is portrayed as a hostile act, with the bill targeting not only Russia but also its energy partners like India and China. The narrative emphasizes US unilateralism and the unfairness of punishing countries for legitimate energy purchases. Some voices within the bloc note bipartisan unease and potential resistance from Democrats, suggesting the bill's future is uncertain.
The Indian press frames the US Senate's advance of the sanctions bill as a direct economic threat, focusing on the 100% tariff risk on Indian goods. The bill is seen as a coercive tool to force India to reduce its energy ties with Russia, despite India's strategic interests. Reports emphasize the prior 50% tariff already imposed and the reopening of trade tensions under Trump.
The Iranian press reports the Senate's procedural vote as a provocative move by the US aimed at imposing new sanctions on Iran alongside Russia. The narrative underscores US hostility and the bipartisan nature of the action, presenting it as a continuation of pressure tactics. The bill is framed as a threat to Iran's economy, with a focus on the minimal opposition (12 votes) showing near-unanimity against Iran.