
大规模研究证实咖啡可降低肝病风险并改善肝脏健康
一项追踪近35.5万英国成人13年的观察性研究发现,常饮咖啡者患肝硬化、肝癌及肝病死亡风险均更低,且肝脏脂肪、炎症和纤维化指标更优。
一项发表于《临床胃肠病学与肝病学》的大型观察性研究显示,常饮咖啡与慢性肝病风险降低及肝脏健康指标改善显著相关。该研究依托英国生物银行数据,纳入354,957名无肝硬化或肝癌的成人,中位随访13年。
与不饮咖啡者相比,每日饮用5杯以上咖啡者肝硬化风险降低32%,肝癌风险降低47%,肝病死亡风险降低42%;即使每日1至2杯也观察到肝脏结局改善,而每日3至4杯的总体获益最强。MRI肝脏扫描及血液蛋白质分析进一步发现,咖啡摄入量较高的人群肝内脂肪、炎症标志物和纤维化(瘢痕形成)水平更低,铁蓄积较少,且血液中与健康肝功能相关的蛋白水平升高,炎症和组织损伤相关蛋白水平降低。
研究人员指出,常饮咖啡与脱咖啡因咖啡均与更健康的肝脏相关,表明咖啡因本身并非保护作用的唯一来源,咖啡中多种天然化合物可能共同发挥抗炎和抗纤维化效果。该研究为观察性设计,不能直接证明因果关系,但为咖啡延缓肝病进展提供了新的生物学证据。研究者强调,咖啡应作为健康体重、限酒、规律运动和血糖血压血脂控制等已有护肝措施的补充,而非替代。
下一步,团队计划聚焦于识别咖啡中具体负责保护肝脏的化合物,以期开发新的肝病预防策略。
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Moderate coffee consumption, without added sugar or saturated fat, is associated with a lower risk of early death. The study, based on a large US sample, emphasizes that the way coffee is prepared matters. Drinking coffee with high sugar or fat negates the protective effect.
Daily caffeine intake up to 400mg, equivalent to five cups of coffee, is safe for most adults and may even lower heart disease risk. However, the American Heart Association warns that individuals with hypertension or insomnia should moderate their intake. Excess sugar, cream, or alcohol in coffee is discouraged.
Regular coffee consumption is linked to better liver health, including reduced fat, inflammation, and scarring. The study, one of the largest on coffee and liver health, followed nearly 355,000 adults and found lower risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer among coffee drinkers. The protective effect holds even after adjusting for other factors.