
系外行星 LHS 1140b 首次显现大气层迹象,位于宜居带内的岩石世界
科学家利用麦哲伦望远镜探测到氦气逃逸,暗示这颗距地球 49 光年的“超级地球”可能保有大气层,为寻找地外生命提供了迄今最有力的候选目标。
一个国际研究团队在 7 月 16 日发表于《科学》杂志的论文中报告,距地球 49 光年的系外行星 LHS 1140b 显示出存在大气层的明确迹象。该行星质量约为地球的五倍,属于“超级地球”,其轨道位于母恒星的宜居带内,表面温度理论上允许液态水存在。此前天文学家已确认其密度与地球类似,可能拥有铁核和硅酸盐地幔,但大气层一直未被证实。
此次探测由 NASA 萨根学者、芝加哥大学的 Collin Cherubim 主导,他在哈佛大学攻读博士期间完成了这项研究。Cherubim 构建了一个模型,假设许多行星形成时拥有氢氦大气,在演化成岩石天体的过程中会失去大部分氢而保留较重的氦。2024 年 9 月,团队利用智利拉斯坎帕纳斯天文台的麦哲伦·克莱望远镜,捕捉到 LHS 1140b 在凌星时大气中逃逸的氦信号,从而推断该行星正处于“失去氢、保留氦”的阶段,氦正缓慢散逸。
Cherubim 指出,尽管目前尚未检测到氧气等其他分子,但氦的存在意味着大气层可能还包含其他气体。他强调,LHS 1140b 同时满足三个关键条件——岩石质地、适宜的表面温度以及大气层,使其成为“目前太阳系外寻找生命的最佳地点”。不过,论文并未声称发现生命或可支持生命的大气成分,仅将其列为极具潜力的候选对象。
若后续观测得到确认,这将是人类首次在宜居带内的岩石行星上发现大气层。下一步,研究团队将尝试在光谱中寻找更重的分子,以进一步评估该行星的宜居性。
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | +0.80 | aligned |
|---|---|---|
| 印度及南亚媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 东南亚媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
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