
中国DUV光刻机量产消息引发全球芯片股抛售
上海御良升启动浸没式深紫外光刻机量产,导致亚洲及美国半导体股大幅下跌,市场对AI投资泡沫与供应链格局产生新担忧。
据The Information报道,中国上海御良升(Shanghai Yuliangsheng)已启动浸没式深紫外(DUV)光刻机的工业量产。这一消息在7月27日至28日引发全球半导体股抛售。韩国KOSPI指数28日暴跌约10%,其中三星电子和SK海力士跌幅分别达13.4%和14%,两者合计约占KOSPI权重的一半。日本日经指数下跌近4%,存储器制造商铠侠跌幅近18%。美国市场方面,AMD下跌超过5%,英伟达下跌近5%,英特尔下跌3.7%。荷兰ASML股价在欧洲市场下跌约3.3%。
据《Le Devoir》引述The Information报道,DUV光刻机此前仅由荷兰ASML量产,用于制造先进芯片。中国企业的突破意味着其可能减少对ASML设备的依赖。ASML因美荷出口管制无法向中国出售最先进的极紫外(EUV)光刻机,但DUV技术仍可用于生产较先进芯片。分析师Angela Harmantas(Proactive Investors)认为,出口管制旨在让中国落后数年,但DUV对中国而言已足够。Stephen Innes(SPI Asset Management)指出,中国无需立即追上ASML最先进设备,只要缩小差距的速度快于预期,即可挑战西方技术主导地位。
关于中国产能,据The Information援引消息,上海御良升计划今年生产5台DUV光刻机,2027年约20台,而ASML去年交付了131台DUV设备。分析师Masahiro Wakasugi(Bloomberg Intelligence)估计,完全追平ASML技术差距可能需要7至10年,但中国本土化率已在战略领域接近100%。同时,中国存储器制造商长鑫存储(CXMT)在IPO首日股价飙升约500%,市值成为A股最高公司之一。
此次抛售还叠加了对AI投资可持续性的疑虑。Forbes Russia报道称,市场担忧AI基础设施投资规模过大,Nvidia可能参与价值高达7500亿美元的AI基础设施交易(部分报道称其计划向OpenAI项目投入2500亿美元),引发债务水平担忧。分析师Violeta Todorova(Leverage Shares)表示,当前AI板块估值过高,任何利空都可能触发获利了结。韩国分析师Han Ji-young(Kiwoom Securities)认为,中国技术进步与财报季的不确定性共同削弱了投资者信心。此外,低成本的国产AI模型(如Kimi K3)出现,也让市场质疑未来对高端AI芯片的需求量。未来数日,SK海力士等企业将发布财报,市场将密切关注业绩指引与需求前景。
| 大西洋/英语圈媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
|---|---|---|
| 俄罗斯及独联体媒体 | 0.00 | neutral |
| 拉丁美洲媒体 | −0.30 | critical |
A Chinese state-backed firm has begun making immersion DUV lithography machines, directly challenging ASML's monopoly. Markets panicked as this breakthrough threatens to free China from Western chip restrictions and undermine the current tech hierarchy. The sell-off highlights the fragility of AI-driven valuations and the geopolitical stakes in semiconductor manufacturing.
Chinese progress in DUV lithography is a sign of technological self-sufficiency amid Western sanctions. The market sell-off is an overreaction driven by fears of increased competition, but it underscores the shifting balance in the global chip industry. The long-term outlook is uncertain, but China's advance is a strategic gain.
Asian markets plunged, led by South Korea's 11% drop, as fears of an AI bubble combine with news of a Chinese technological advance. The sell-off in chip stocks signals that investors are spooked by the prospect of increased competition and overvalued tech stocks. The immediate panic overshadows the longer-term implications for the semiconductor supply chain.